Projects

Michigan Court Form Design System

How can we redesign Michigan’s court forms for ease, and ultimately improve court engagement?

Partners & Funders

The Project

Michiganders navigating the civil legal system interact with a variety of forms and materials, but these touchpoints aren’t always user-friendly or efficient. We’re working to improve these forms and better court engagement.

The Outcome

Alongside our partners, we’ll develop a reusable library of form components, design guidance, and implementation tools to support clearer, easier-to-use court forms across the state.

Michigan Court Form Design System

How can we redesign Michigan’s court forms for ease, and ultimately improve court engagement?

Partners & Funders

The Project

Michiganders navigating the civil legal system interact with a variety of forms and materials, but these touchpoints aren’t always user-friendly or efficient. We’re working to improve these forms and better court engagement.

The Outcome

Alongside our partners, we’ll develop a reusable library of form components, design guidance, and implementation tools to support clearer, easier-to-use court forms across the state.

Project Background

Every year, thousands of Michiganders navigate the civil legal system without a lawyer. They’re trying to stay in their homes, manage debt, care for their families, or protect their rights, all through representing themselves in court. However, certain court forms that they need to fill out can be hard to understand. When that happens, their cases can be delayed or even dismissed.

The Michigan Justice for All (JFA) Commission, established in 2021, is leading a statewide initiative to modernize and standardize court forms as part of its broader vision for 100% access to justice in civil legal matters. With leadership from the State Court Administrative Office (SCAO), the State Bar of Michigan, and the Michigan State Bar Foundation, and with input from 30 commissioners across the legal and community sectors, JFA is coordinating a comprehensive reform effort.

With JFA and SCAO, PPL—along with the support of independent contractor Rachael Zuppke—led a human-centered design process to address the persistent challenges users face in understanding court procedures and how forms function within them. Although plain-language revisions had improved terminology, usability testing showed that more structural changes were needed. The goal was to create a reusable design system for paper and PDF forms, along with tools and materials to help form administrators implement these improvements at scale.

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Participants engaged

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Michigan communities

What We Found

We engaged 47 participants in research and co-design, including frontline staff, Forms Unit staff, court clerks, judges, subject-matter experts, and members of the public from 13 communities across Michigan. With them, we explored three key questions.

What existing challenges do the current forms pose for users and court staff that a new design system could address?

Court forms are used by many different people – people filing a case, people responding to one, court staff, and notaries. Because of this, forms often include information that doesn’t apply to everyone. This can make a form feel confusing or overwhelming.

People told us that:

  • Forms often look and work differently, even when they ask for similar information. This makes it easy to make mistakes.
  • Instructions are unclear or scattered, so people aren’t sure what to do next.
  • Court staff are often asked to explain forms, even though that’s not officially their role.
  • Many forms don’t explain what’s happening or why the information is needed, which can increase stress and anxiety.

We conducted an audit of different forms to analyze their components.

What existing common elements appear on forms that can be standardized and improved?

We found that many forms use the same basic parts, but they aren’t designed the same way.

For example:

  • Fields, checkboxes, and tables appear on most forms, but they look different and are placed in different spots.
  • Most forms follow a similar overall structure, but this isn’t clear to people filling them out.
  • Titles and short descriptions exist, but they aren’t always easy to find or read.
  • Notary sections often don’t explain when or why notarization is needed.
  • Many forms include next steps, but they’re easy to miss or hard to understand.

What do SCAO’s Form Unit staff need to implement the new design system?

Forms Unit staff told us they need tools that are:

  • Easy to use for both printed forms and online forms
  • Clear about where instructions and supporting documents should go
  • Flexible enough to meet legal requirements while still being easy for people to understand.

What We Designed

Based on what we learned, we created a new design system for Michigan court forms that makes them clearer and easier to use for both the public and court staff. To create this system, PPL identified a set of proposed guiding principles based on what we learned in our research.

  • Clear Purpose Statements People commonly skip questions when they don’t understand their relevance. Include form descriptions, explain why specific information is being collected, and provide space for self-representing litigants to write commentary to help explain their case.
  • Process Navigation Across interviews, we heard that staff and clients alike desired more instruction and guidance. Forms should provide clear next steps, and link to MiCourt for case status tracking.
  • Resource Connections Plenty of support exists but clients struggle to access it. Forms should embed direct links to support websites where appropriate and include contact information for human assistance.
  • Simplicity & Completion Use generous margins and spacing to reduce cognitive load, break up complex sections into digestible chunks with clear headings, and standardize field size and placement across forms. 
  • Accessibility & Inclusion Design for varying literacy levels and include consistent visual cues. Increase print size and standardize this for users who struggle with vision impairment.
  • Operational Efficiency Create reusable form elements (signature blocks, party information boxes, headers) that can be updated across systems easily.

After assessing 1000+ Michigan court forms, we identified discrepancies in the way instructions were worded and stylized. These inconsistencies create confusion for the user.

Using these principles, we developed a comprehensive, scalable design system that directly addresses the usability and operational challenges identified through research and co-design. The system reduces cognitive burden by introducing a unified visual structure grounded in consistent grids, predictable component placement, and plain-language explanations that clarify each section’s purpose. 

We consolidated and standardized all instructions and next steps, eliminating the fragmentation that previously confused filers and pulled clerks into interpretive roles. Contextual cues, such as “Completed by…”, provide labels for job roles, and section-level guidance ensures that users know exactly what information belongs where and why.

The system includes consistent components to resolve the inconsistencies across common form elements, such as:

  • Fillable fields, tables, and checkboxes with consistent spacing, alignment, and labeling
  • Standardized titles, descriptions, and headers to support quick orientation
  • Purpose statements and contextual guidance for sections and notarization blocks
  • Clear next-step instructions and navigation markers to reduce ambiguity

To support the use of the system by the Forms Unit staff, we created supporting materials that enable sustainable, long-term use of the design system. These include

  • the complete Adobe Creative Cloud component library; 
  • a detailed Style Guide outlining rules for typography, layout, and accessibility considerations; 
  • a Components Dictionary explaining how and when to use each component; 
  • and an onboarding guide that walks staff step-by-step through setting up and using the design system. 

These tools ensure the system is adaptable to both print and digital formats, reduce the need for one-off design decisions, and equip SCAO staff with a scalable foundation for updating and maintaining Michigan’s full library of forms.

What Was Implemented

The forms unit is implementing the new design system beginning in early 2026. PPL is continuing to provide support, including finalizing workflow guidance and training.

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